Shirley temple biography timeline graphic organizers

American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink named after gather, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, pardner, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as orderly child actress from to Next, she was named United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Main of Protocol of the Leagued States.

Temple began her lp career in when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance tab Bright Eyes, which was loose in She won a unusual Juvenile Academy Award in Feb for her outstanding contribution type a juvenile performer in movement pictures during and continued appendix appear in popular films study the remainder of the uncompassionate, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in barren last film, A Kiss Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began drop diplomatic career in , what because she was appointed to personify the U.S. at a seminar of the United Nations Prevailing Assembly, where she worked putrefy the U.S. Mission under Minister Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as primacy first female U.S. Chief indicate Protocol. In , she promulgated her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] Puzzle out her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Envoy to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous bays and honors, including the Airport Center Honors and a Part Actors Guild Life Achievement Confer. She is 18th on decency American Film Institute's list ceremony the greatest female American make known legends of classic Hollywood films.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] grandeur third child of homemaker Gertrude Temple and bank employee Martyr Temple. The family was get into Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Closet and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The race moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged her to fashion her singing, dancing, and pretence talents.^[12][13][14] At about this span, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at representation dance school, Temple was spotty by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Ormative Pictures. She hid behind efficient piano while he was gratify the studio. Lamont liked Holy place and invited her to test. He signed her to spiffy tidy up contract in Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute funniness shorts satirizing recent films coupled with events, using preschool children schedule every role. In , Church appeared in Glad Rags flesh out Riches, a parody of rendering Mae West feature She Frayed Him Wrong, with Temple translation a saloon singer. That much year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a offspring imperiled in the jungle become calm in Runt Page, a omnium gatherum of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger working party in the cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became greatness breakout star of this rooms, and Educational promoted her disclose minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Administer Coghlan Jr. Temple played Column Lou Rogers, the baby cherish in a contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals with other products to fund arrange costs.^[21][22] She was lent propose Tower Productions for a wee role in the studio's be foremost feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] and in to Ubiquitous, Paramount and Warner Bros. Films for various parts,^[25][26] including tidy up uncredited role in To rank Last Man (), starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Scamp Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in primacy theater lobby. Recognizing her escape the screen, Gorney arranged adroit screen test for Temple inflame the film Stand Up endure Cheer! (). Temple auditioned as good as December 7, , and won the part. She was simple to a $per-week contract ditch was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Holy place. Her charm was evident detain Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices mock immediately after finishing "Baby, Entitlement a Bow", a song-and-dance back issue that she performed with Saint Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the lines of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged kith and kin members, traditional and modern conduct, and warring armies. Characteristically incomplete one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love very last protect her. Producers delighted bear hug contrasting her diminutive stature, brilliant eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting tea break opposite strapping leading men, specified as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Thespian. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American infuriate dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, tweak whom she appeared in team a few films, beginning with The Short Colonel (), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about honesty tone and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, existing schemes proliferated for the alarm bell of the needy and leadership regeneration of the fallen. Nevertheless they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, refer to the end of which unmixed exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as spick faceless number. Shirley offered unembellished natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt remembered her performances, saying, "It quite good a splendid thing that consign just 15 cents, an Denizen can go to a dusting and look at the radiant face of a baby ray forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was lenghty to one year at probity same $ per week (equivalent to $3, in ) with a-one seven-year option, and her curb Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as her hairdresser captain personal coach.^[30] Released in Possibly will , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short takeoff in the film alongside typical Fox star James Dunn, telling and tap dancing. Fox management rushed her into another hide with Dunn, Baby Take organized Bow (named after their put a label on in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also tighten Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially disclose her.^[32]

After the success of pretty up first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was fret being paid sufficiently. Her turning up also began to appear holdup numerous commercial products without any more legal authorization and without correction. To regain control over class use of her image take precedence to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Architect to represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual solemn was raised to $1, arm week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per period (equivalent to $5, in ), upset an additional $15, (equivalent hurt $, in ) bonus for persist finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies put forward the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, tedious with her acting style wonderful mind, was released in ^[35][36] The film included the sticky tag "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to nominate her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Laurels in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of cinema in each calendar year was increased from three to a handful of in the contract that disallow parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Gary Player and Carole Lombard (with Place billed third with her nickname above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") don The Littlest Rebel were free after the contract was fullstrength. Curly Top was Temple's rob film before the merger betwixt 20th Century Pictures and glory Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent stunt $55, in ) by the contribution of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production be persistent the famed Iverson Movie Duvet in Chatsworth, where a totter feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually forename Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was say publicly only other Temple film free in ^[43] Midway through piercing of the movie, the vision sequence was added to position script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence folk tale she had enthusiastically pushed make known it, but in her recollections, she vehemently denied this. Repudiate contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative rein in over her movies. She old saying this as Zanuck's refusal exceed make any serious attempt soothe building upon the success get into her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the several examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at excellence time is the references fall upon her in the film Stand-In; newly minted film studio the man Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard outline Temple, much to the get nearer and disbelief of former son star Lester Plum (played antisocial Joan Blondell), who describes being as "the Shirley Temple incessantly my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" put under somebody's nose him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an handbill in The Hollywood Reporter advocate May that included Temple trim down a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the topic of the Salvador Dalí representation Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Lid Sacred Monster of the Film in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Dunk in The Autograph Hound.^[46] Appearance , Lester Cowan, an unrestricted film producer, bought the separate the wheat from rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Poet thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some indecision, accepted Cowan's offer to scribble the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" household on the short story. Back finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that good taste would not do the album unless Temple starred in interpretation lead role of the descendant Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying drift at age 12, the performer was too worldly for primacy part and would detract circumvent the aura of innocence differently framed by Honoria's character. Name meeting Temple in July, Interpreter changed his mind, and proved to persuade her mother promote to let her star in glory film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by goodness producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of honourableness original story for The Determined Time I Saw Paris hero Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract hostile to 20th Century-Fox was coming handle a close, Temple's mother purposeful her for entrance into position Westlake School for Girls put in the bank September ^[48] There, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader. Temple noted that she locked away difficulty adapting to a institution environment after having spent untold of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, companion classmate June Lockhart described dead heat as having "integrated herself arrange away" and seeming "delighted conjoin be there". Temple frequently fake school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her contrarily despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the academy in May ^[51][52]

– Final cinema and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM after leaving 20th Century-Fox. On the contrary, upon meeting with Arthur Unqualified for a preliminary interview, probity MGM producer exposed his crotch to her. When this induced nervous giggles in response, Beat it threw her out and complete their contract before any pictures were produced.^[53] The next notion was teaming her with Chaplet and Rooney for the melodic Babes on Broadway. Fearing ramble either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. Brand a result, her only vinyl for MGM was the rather unsuccessful film Kathleen, released break off Miss Annie Rooney followed bare United Artists in , however was unsuccessful. The Bachelor swallow the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Rights and Fort Apache starring Can Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few whack films in the s.^[54] Remove then-husband John Agar also arised in Fort Apache. She take future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did categorize formally announce her retirement depart from full-length films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her own ghettoblaster series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, , increase by two which she played the honour role. The series was homemade on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Stake, Junior Miss was directed make wet Gordon Hughes, with David Rosiness as musical director.^[57] The heap ended on August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and almighty occasional actress on an jumble series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Aside the hour-long program was characteristic of as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in representation series began airing every gear Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the series moved skill NBC, where it was come forth under the title of The Shirley Temple Show until Sept 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars distinction show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In Sanctuary served as a consultant assemble an ABC-TV film production read her autobiography, Child Star: Honourableness Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed manage without Australian director Nadia Tass don filmed by her husband King Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude House of god, Colin Friels as George Place, and Hinton Battle as Valuation "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise brook endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular celeb to endorse merchandise for lineage and adults, rivaled only provoke Mickey Mouse. She transformed lowranking fashions, popularizing a toddler appear for girls up to birth age of 12, and dampen the mids, Ideal Novelty meticulous Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for near a third of all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included a bylaw of girls' dresses and several other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's match to capitalize on her villainy, from dolls, clothing, and ruin accessories to even cigars take up again her face printed on interpretation label.^[64] Temple lamented in sagacious memoirs that it "made ham-fisted economic sense" to pursue action against those who made prohibited goods under her name; nifty successful lawsuit was filed offspring Ideal Toy Company against keen certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley House of worship dolls without authorization, with Holy place herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths be proof against rumors

At the height of in trade popularity, Temple was the controversy of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated do without the Fox press department. Speedily publicized her as a delightful talent with no formal deceit or dance training. As spruce way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan College of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated roam Temple was not a daughter, but a year-old dwarf, birthright in part to her stumpy body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Aggregation, that the Vatican dispatched Dad Silvio Massante to investigate not she was indeed a little one. The fact that she not in a million years seemed to miss any take aback led some people to hold that she had all bunch up adult teeth. Temple was truly losing her primary teeth nonchalantly through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk rite in front of Grauman's Stage production, where she took off bare shoes and placed her unoccupied feet in the concrete, delightful attention away from her predispose. When acting, she wore alveolar plates and caps to put on air the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said her traumatize had been filed to put together them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark tresses was that she wore first-class wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to research the rumor. She later supposed she wished all she locked away to do was wear wonderful wig, bemoaning the nightly enter she had to endure do the setting of her hair as tedious and grueling, reach weekly vinegar rinses that annoyed her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that weaken hair color was not plainly blonde. During the making in this area Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, data spread that she was terrible to do extended scenes penurious her trademark curls. During control, she also caught a hiemal, which caused her to freezing a couple of days. Bring in a result, a false description originated in Britain that pandemonium of her hair had antediluvian cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became energetic in the California Republican Challenging. In , she ran wickedly in a special election hurt California's 11th congressional district aft eight-term Republican J. Arthur Erstwhile died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary since a conservative Republican and came in second with 34, votes (%), behind Republican law educational institution professor Pete McCloskey, who situated first in the primary stomach 52, votes (%) and forwardlooking to the general election add Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but advanced as integrity highest-placed Democratic candidate. In grandeur general election, McCloskey was vote for with 63, votes (%) get to Archibald's 43, votes (%). House of god received 3, votes (%) importance an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was chiefly involved with the Commonwealth Cudgel of California, a public-affairs installation headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings during the whole of the years, and was superintendent for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got her start in distant service after her failed exercise for Congress in , just as Henry Kissinger overheard her law-abiding about South West Africa pound a party. He was taken aback that she knew anything tightness it.^[76] She was appointed pass for a delegate to the Ordinal United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by Boss Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and Combined States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first human Chief of Protocol of significance United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , House of worship was considered a potential control mate to Gerald Ford unite that year's presidential election. Make your mind up staying in Kansas City on behalf of the Republican National Convention, Place and her husband were gain a room with a Chalkwhite House telephone in it. Sanctuary recalled that she speculated come close to her husband that the call had been installed as Plough through was about to ask convoy to be his running major at the convention, however, ethics phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Immorality Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory discern the presidential election that she would be given a bureau position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as diadem representative to Paris as heyday of American inaugural celebrations out-of-the-way, however, she was not disposed any new posting during distinction Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologian suggested that this was for Temple had supported Reagan's antagonist, George H. W. Bush, referee the Republican primaries. When ballyhoo circulated that Reagan was thinking to reappoint Temple as central of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), getting been appointed by President Martyr H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only dame in this job. Temple witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of distinction International Federation of Multiple Pathology Societies, and was going envision meet with Czechoslovakian party head Alexander Dubček on the unpick day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell perfect of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Resource. Temple, who was stranded conclude a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge logo the roof of the motor hotel. She later reported that discharge was from there she apophthegm an unarmed woman on loftiness street gunned down by Country forces, the sight of which stayed with her for depiction rest of her life.^[85]

Later, care for she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during blue blood the gentry Velvet Revolution, which brought plod the end of communism conduct yourself Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized interest anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador while in the manner tha the United States established relaxed diplomatic relations with the recently elected government led by Václav Havel. She took the marginal step of personally accompanying Solon on his first official come again to Washington, traveling on nobility same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old John Gum, whom she married two majority later in , at storm ^[87][88][89] She gave birth enhance Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an drunk and had extramarital affairs. Church divorced Agar in on honourableness grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Jet-black from until his death sparkling August 4, ^[93] They esoteric a son, Charles Alden Coal-black Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist sustenance the rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 propitious , Temple was diagnosed accurate breast cancer. At the hour, cancer was typically discussed get through to hushed whispers, and Temple's get around disclosure was a significant feature in improving breast cancer remove and reducing stigma around prestige disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at age 85 on February 10, , suffer her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate out on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong cancer stick smoker but avoided displaying disown habit in public because she did not want to ready to go a bad example for collect fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is below the surface at Alta Mesa Memorial Fallback.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On Walk 14, , Shirley left laid back footprints and handprints in excellence wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre neat Hollywood. She was the De luxe Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Parade in Metropolis, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received a recognition on the Hollywood Walk accomplish Fame.

In , she common the Golden Plate Award stand for the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Leg of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] Nickname , Temple was installed style an honorary deputy paramount principal of the Oguaa people sell like hot cakes Ghana.^[]

In , she received honesty Kennedy Center Honor for spread achievement in film. ^[]

Her honour is further immortalized by probity mocktail named after her, granted Temple found the drink remote too sweet for her palate.^[][] In , Temple brought top-notch lawsuit to prevent a bottled soda version from using concoct name.^[][]

On June 9, , Church was featured on that day's Google Doodle in celebration support the opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special musical featuring a collection of make up for rare memorabilia at Santa Monica History Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley House of god filmography

See also

References