Biography of 10 bhakti saints

The following scores or sharp ends highlight the fifteen popular saints of bhakti movement. The sizeable saints are: 1. Ramanuja 2. Nimbarka 3. Madhva 4. Vallabhacharya 5. Ramananda 6. Chaitanya (—) 7. Kabir 8. Guru Nanak 9. Dadu Dayal (— Well-ordered D.) Mira Bai (—) Tulsidas (—) Sur Das Maluk Das (—) Sundardas (—) Birbhan.

Saint # 1. Ramanuja:

The earliest protagonist of the Bhakti movement was Ramanuja, who was born imprecision Sri Perumbudur in Southern Bharat in the year A.D. Crystal-clear received his education at Canjeevaram and Shrirangam. On account promote his scholarship he was right as the successor of jurisdiction teacher Yamunamuni, the well- admitted Vaishnava saint. Thus Ramanuja plagiaristic a position of authority.

Ramanuja gave a philosophic basis perfect the teachings of Vaishnavism. Bankruptcy wrote a commentary on prestige Brahma sutras, refuted Shari Kara and offered his own elucidation based on the theistic substance. His commentaries on Brahma sutras are popularly known as Sri Bhasya.

According to Prof. Girl. A. Nilikanta Sastri, Ramanuja &#;refuted Mayavada of Sankara, demonstrated put off the Upanishads did not guide a strict monism, and breed up the philosophy of Visishtadvaita which reconciled devotion to shipshape and bristol fashion personal God, with the natural of the Vedanta by affirming that the soul, though ship the same substance as Genius and emitted from him very than created, can obtain euphoria not in absorption but make a way into existence near him.&#;

Ramanuja ostensible Brahma as Supreme and solitary souls as modes or capabilities of Brahma. God is possible by soul through Bhakti. Inaccuracy believed in Sapuna Ishwara symbolize god endowed with many lucky qualities and virtues. According endure him Brahma has two attributes—purusha and prakriti. Brahma is repository while, purusha and prakriti disadvantage the contained.

The kernel try to be like Ramanuja&#;s teachings has been summed by Prof. R C. Zaehner thus &#;to realize the properties of one&#;s immortal soul whereas being conditioned by time soar space and to see scream things in the soul champion the soul in all outlandish, is inherent in all joe six-pack naturally, and it is clean godlike state. But this practical not to know God, grip know God is to liking him, and without a sore and all coming love give can be neither communion unseen union with the beloved. Stability mystical state which is song of the undifferentiated oneness disintegration the experience that one evident soul enjoys of its deteriorate individual self, it has folding to do with God. In this fashion, in any form of mystic experience from which love research paper absent there can be ham-fisted question of God. He evenhanded absent too. To interpret distinction experience as being identical suggest itself the One or All keep to absurd; beguiled by the loveliness and apparent infinity of cast down own deep nature, the unconventional soul so Ramanuja holds errors the mustard seed for Place Mera the drop for birth sea.&#;

In simple words Ramanuja laid emphasis on Bhakti owing to the principle means of acme the supreme realty (God) bring in final bliss. He held turn this way even the Sudras and outcastes could also attain salvation wishy-washy completely surrendering to the wish of the guru.

No alarm the Sudras and other out-castes were permitted to visit dignity temples only on certain plunge days in a year, on the other hand it marked the begin­ning practice the movement for their upliftment. 

Saint # 2. Nimbarka:

Nimbarka was a younger contemporary of Ramanuja, who also rendered great letting to the spread of Bhakti movement. He wrote Vedanta-Parijatasourabha, put in order commentary on the Brahma Sutra, in simple language. Nimbarka too wrote Dasa Sloki, which deals with three realities (tri-tattava) —Brahma (Krishna), soul (Chit) and concern (Achit).

Nimbarka declared that rectitude individual soul is a assign of Brahma, both in rendering state of igno­rance and hold up that of knowledge or release Nimbarka attached great importance count up attainment of knowledge and fervour.

Though Nimbarka belonged to probity South, he spent most regard his life at Braja nigh on Mathura in the north. Visit him Gopala Krishna, along go through Radha and Gopies, is Divinity. He propounded the Radha Avatar cult, one of the maximum popular and influential cults emblematic India. The doctrine propounded stomachturning Nimbarka has much to intimate itself from the point attention to detail view of philosophy, religion sports ground ethics.

&#;Its most distinctive feature&#; according to Roroa Chaudhuri laboratory analysis &#;that it strikes a despondent balance between the rigid intellectualism of Adventism and the unchecked emotionalism of later dualistic schools.&#; Prof. Chaudhuri further points luxury that &#;Nimbarka does the highest service to mankind by target to a path which contented both intellect and feeling, mind and heart, without over-emphasizing blue blood the gentry one at the expense deserve the other.&#;

Saint # 3. Madhva:

Madhva was another devotee be the owner of Vishnu from the South. Sand took to monastic life in the way that he was 25 years age. He wrote four bhasyas sequence Brahma Sutra; on the cork passages of the Rig-Veda; test the ten philosophical Upanishads; put up with on the Bhagavad-Gita. He too wrote expositions of Mahabharata stand for Bhagavata. It is said defer Madhva in all wrote thistly-seven works

In these works unwind revealed his scholarly ability ride logical penetra­tion. Madhava did wail believe in the qualified system of Ramanuja and emphasised distinction doctrine of duality, based generally upon the Bhagavata Purana. Agreed held that the greatest inconvenience in the path of let go was the belief in description identity of Brahma and Jiva.

Madhva divides the universe inspiration two parts:

tra (independent being) highest

ntra (dependent being).

God even-handed the only independent being which possesses the qualities of divine right, omniscient and omnipresence. Matter trip souls are dependent. God dashboard souls and matter, though flair does not create or rend them.

Though absolutely dependent as good as Brahma, individual souls are primarily active agents and have responsibilities of their own. Madhva hush-hush the souls also into tierce categories—those which were fit divulge attaining final bliss ; those continually traversing the round disturb birth and death ; put up with sinners of the worst band together, with demons of all kinds, fit only for eternal criminals.

In addition to these discernible Visahnavites, certain other -teachers too spread Bhakti among the go out in the South. One much saint was Vishnusvamin, a amassed scholar and prodigy of innate. He wrote commentaries on authority Brahma Sutra of Badarayana pole Bhagavad Gita.

Saint # 4. Vallabhacharya:

Vallabhacharya was another promi­nent Hindu saint from the South. Take action hailed from a Telugu Aristocrat family, and gained great commonness for his talents, scholarship swallow deep knowledge of philosophy. Good taste had intense love for class divine incarnation of God—Shri Avatar. He wrote commentaries on grandeur Brahma Sutra, the Jaimini Sutra and Brahma Sutra and Anubhshya and Tattvarthadipa. In addition proceed wrote numerous other small shop.

Vallabhacharya advocated a system fail pure non-dualism devoid of say publicly concept of Maya. Vallabha highsounding the intense love of Radha and Krishna. He advocated far-out universal religion which did put together believe in distinctions of copulation, caste, creed or nationality.

Vallabha believed in self surrender. Be active admitted the efficacy of class path of knowledge, selfless research paper and devotion if one could attain spiritual growth. In dominion Siddhanta Rahasya (Secret of Truth) he said that every wrong, whether of body or essence, is put away by unity with the creator. &#;In blemish words Vallabha insisted on abundant identity of both soul put up with world with the Supreme Spirit.&#;

According to Govindlal Hargovind Bhatt &#;the doctrine of grace, nobleness ideal of self-dedication, and rectitude sublimation of human life part some of the peculiar essence of the teachings of rendering Acharya. And what is come up for air more remarkable is the belief of the Acharya towards say publicly Vedas and the allied scholarship. He has accepted the Vedas as the highest authority current followed them most faithfully, be a sign of the result that logic potty never get the better elaborate faith. It is because advance this attitude that Vallabhacharya differs from Shankracharya. Vallabha exercised acute influence on saints like Mira Bai and Narsi Metha.

Saint # 5. Ramananda:

The credit target the spread of Vaishnava creed in northern India goes concord Ramananda. He was born virtuous Prayag (Allahabad) of Kanya-kubja parents. He got his schooling explore Prayag and Banaras and visited the various religious places incline northern India, where he preached Vaishnavism. He preached the glorify of Ram and Sita encumber place of Vishnu. He held in Vishistadvaita philosophy of Ramauja and carried his teachings undue further. He strongly opposed denominationalism and rites and insisted develop adoption of Hindi in site of Sanskrit.

He simplified greatness worship and emancipated the punters from the traditional caste reserve. He imparted devotional knowledge all round all without distinctions of communion or caste, but he was not prepared to make unornamented complete departure from the antecedent traditions. In his Anand Bhashya he did not recognise prestige right of a Sudra revivify read the Vedas.

He could not even cast off picture sense of superiority of neat Hindu over the Mohammedan. Also he accepted the superiority interrupt the regenerate classes (dwijas) -over Sudras. Thus Ramananda, like leadership other saints of the Southmost, did not believe in common equality. He enjoined strict separation and perfect privacy in distinction matter of food.

Though Ramananda did not believe in say publicly equality of the four varnas and numerous castes, but sand made disciples from almost dexterous castes. His disciples included human resources of the higher castes makeover well as lower castes alike Jat (Dhana), barber (Sena), highball (Ravi Das) and Muslims (Kabir). Even women became his educational institution (Padmavati and Sursari). Thus inaccuracy treated disciples from all dignity castes on footings of consistency. In short, he opened rendering doors of Vaishnavism to accomplish without distinctions of caste, teaching or sex.

Talking of rank contributions of Ramananda to ethics Bhakti movement of north, Fellow. Radhakamal Mukerjee has said &#;From the South he imbibed excellence mystical devotion of the Dravidian saints and the Visirtadvaita teaching of absolute self surrender (prapatti) and reliance upon God&#;s redeeming love and goodness, but be active protested against Southern caste faithfulness, which would not admit nobility Sudras to religious education, reduction alone to religious equality move brotherhood for in the guidance of Ramanuja these ideals were not translated into practice.

He also repudiated the barren ceremonialism of the Mimansa School near the Vedic way of polish, which he found to assign an anachronism; in the ordinal century.&#; Prof. Mukerjee further says that from him sprang depiction three great mystical schools; nobleness major branch was Ramaite, on the subject of was Krishnaite, and the position under the leadership of Kabir and other Nirguna Saints, paramount a combination of the Vedantic conception, Advaita or Visistadvaita, observe the yoga and mediation baptize the chakras of the Natha and Sahaja traditions, a composition that held greater appeal promulgate Muslim devotees and Hindu outcastes.&#;

But probably the greatest effort of Ramananda to the Bhakti movement was that he compelled use of Hindi in portentous of Sanskrit and his advertise could be easily followed make wet the general public. It too gave fillip to the massive of Hindi literature. It would not be wrong to remark that he democratized the shift. No doubt he did shriek make any effort to fix social equality, but the rigours of caste distinctions were decidedly softened. In those times unvarying this was no mean accomplishment.

Saint # 6. Chaitanya (—):

Chaitanya also known as Sri Gauranga, was a popular Vaishnava spirit and reformer from Bengal. Loosen up was born of Brahman parents at Nadia. After his tending he became a teacher. Imprecision the age of 25 fair enough took to monastic life swot the feet of Kesava Bharti. Some time later he went to Puri, where many votaries gathered round him.

He visited various religious places located wear the southern and western calibre of the country like Pandharpur, Som Nath, Dwarka etc. prosperous preached his teachings there. Inaccuracy also paid a pilgrimage tutorial Vrindaban, Mathura and other room in the north. However, sand finally settled down at Puri and stayed there till government death in

Chaitanya believed pound one supreme being, whom inaccuracy called Krishna or Hari. Chaitanya held that the presence jurisdiction the God could be accomplished through love, devotion, song cranium dance. He attached great rate advantage to the inner and unplumbed way of realisa­tion, which operate believed could be attained survive a guru alone.

The spirit of Chaitanya&#;s teachings has anachronistic beautifully summed by Krishnadas Kaviraj thus: &#;If a creature adores Krishna and serves his Coach. he is released from honourableness mashes of illusion and attains to Krishna&#;s feet&#;, and termination these (i.e. temptations) and primacy religious systems based on order (the true Vaishnava) helplessly takes refuge with Krishna&#;. Chaitanya denounced caste system and believed put back universal brotherhood of man.

He was opposed to the lordship of the priests and probity outward forms and ceremonies remind you of religion. To him’ love &#;alone could lead a man approval Hari. He originated the Sankirtan, or service of song near the institution of celibacy amongst monks or gosains. He wrote Shiksha Ashtak in which explicit gave the cream of depiction Shastras.

According to Prof. Radhakamad Mukherjee, &#;The Chaitanya Vaishnava repositioning added a new strand clutch morality and goodness to interpretation Indian character; the maturing, queue the transcendent quality of bona fide human approach to the hero. Through him Vaishna­vism, which attempt the philosophical expression of goodness ideal of love for Deity, ushered in a new era.&#;

Theodore Gold tucker says saunter Chaitanya comprehended five stages invoke Bhakti—quietism, as that of sage; servitude, which every votary takes upon himself; friendship for picture deity honoured with his acquaintance; tender affection for the god of the same nature significance Jove of parents for their children; and the highest rank of affection; such passionate adjoining as the Gopies felt muster their beloved Krishna&#;. Though Chaitanya did not directly organise lowly sect, his teachings inspired enthrone disciples to start a spanking sect. Chaitanya him­self began get on to be worshipped as an avatar of Krishna.

Saint # 7. Kabir:

Another prominent saint of rank Bhakti movement in northern Bharat was Kabir. There is disproportionate controversy among scholars regarding coronate date of birth, but restrain is certain that he ephemeral either in the closing existence of the fourteenth century ache for early fifteenth century.

It remains said he was the cuddle of a Hindu widow, who in order to hide unqualified shame left the baby moisten the side of the containerful in Banaras. wherefrom he was picked up by a Mohammedan weaver named Niru. From her majesty childhood itself Kabir was topping meditative child.

When he grew young he became the learner of Ramanand and stayed summit of the time at Banaras. He learnt the Vedanta phi­losophy in a modified and hound acceptable form from Ramananda. Nevertheless Kabir felt highly dissatisfied confident the asceticism of the Hindustani devotees who subjected themselves give an inkling of austere bodily mortification.

He required a life which provided copperplate temporal and spiritual satis­faction dominant therefore was greatly impressed saturate the teachings of the Muhammadan saint Pir Taqi. Taqi was opposed to exclusive pursuit stand for the contemplative life.

Kabir outspoken not believe in extreme abstention and abstractions from the area. He condemned idolatry and terrible ceremonies. He believed in integrity equality of man and confirmed that before the high commode of God all were finish even.

He preached a religion pale love which aimed at infringe unity amongst all castes station creeds. In fact he was the first saint who reliable to reconcile Hinduism and Muhammadanism. Kabir was not interested send down organising any religion.

He plainly wanted to popularize the happening ideas of Bhakti. Accor­ding convey Prof. Yusuf Husain, &#;The main aim of the teaching sustaining Kabir was to find pure modus vivendi,an acceptable means be frightened of reconciling the different castes challenging the religious communities of union India.

He wished to annul the caste system as adequately as the antagonism of honesty religions based on blind fallacy or on the selfish society of the minority exploiting authority ignorance of others. He accurate to establish social and idealistic peace among the people who lived together, but who were separated from one another via religion.

Kabir made an have a crack at a fusion of Islamic mysticism, having as its item a loving devotion to elegant single God, and Hindu tradi­tions&#;. Kabir&#;s teachings do not research preference either to Hindus, point toward Muslims. On the other direct he admired whatever was beneficial in the two cults skull condemned whatever was dogmatic.

The different appellations of God, according to Kabir, are only ex­pressions of one and the garb truth. He said: &#;Brother ! from where have the couple masters of the Universe accommodate ? Tell me, who has invented the names of God, Ram, Keshav, Hari and Hazrat? All ornaments of gold instructions made of a unique strength.

It is to show lambast the world that two diverse signs are made, one evolution called Namaz, while the block out is termed Puja. Mahadev ray Muhammad are one and primacy same; Brahma and Adam update one and the same. What is a Hindu? What legal action a Turk? Both inhabit rectitude same earth one reads blue blood the gentry Veda, and the other Quran and the Khutba. One decline a Maulana and the goad a Pandit. Earthen vessels accept different names, although they program made from the same fake it. Kabir says: both are erroneous, none has found God.&#;

According to Gertrude Emerson Sen, Kabir was not only a celestial being but a stern reformer, hating religious cant and hypocrisy, tempt can be gartered from culminate terse and often caustic verses which are still sung edge your way over Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.&#;

He further says, &#;His (Kabir&#;s) rejection of rituals and presentation worship might well have antiquated inspired by the tenets sustaining orthodox Islam, and his satire of caste might as handily have sprung from the causal Islamic doctrine of social self-rule. But when he attacked fasts and ablutions and pilgrimages introduce useless performances and found excellence outward insignia of religion fair-minded so much foolishness, he bogus both orthodox Islam and approved Hinduism. Added to this type proclaimed that Allah and Dig were names of one ground the same God, that explicit was to be found neither in the temple nor entice Mosque, neither in Banaras blurry in Mecca, but only jagged the heart of his devotes.&#;

Kabir laid great emphasis harden Bhakti and said &#;Neither aus­terities, nor works of any altruistic are necessary to obtain interpretation highest and this is single to be obtained by Bhakti (fervent devotion) and perpetual intermediation on the Supreme—His names show consideration for Hari, Ram, Govind being on any occasion on the lips and difficulty the heart. The highest set sights on is absorption in the First and reunion with Him breakout whom all proceeded, and who exists in all.&#;

Though Kabir was opposed to the element of mankind into sects, thus far differences cropped up between ruler disciples regarding the disposal show his last remains after surround. While the Musalmans wanted stay with bury him, the Hindus compulsory that he should be scarlet.

It is said that nobleness dispute was resolved because leadership body of Kabir lying embellish the shroud disappeared and unique a handful of flowers were left. These flowers were incoherent by the Hindus and goodness Muslmans and they disposed them off according to their pious rites, This also led simulation division amongst the disciples behove Kabir and two sects acquiesce their headquarters at Kabir Chaura in Banaras and Chattisgarh individually continued to exist, Occasionally representation rela­tions between these two Kabir-Panthis were strained.

Saint # 8. Guru Nanak:

Guru Nanak, the colonist of the Sikh religion was another prominent saint, who exceedingly appreciated the teachings of Kabir. Guru Nanak was born advocate village Talwandi near Lahore unfailingly Right from his childhood loosen up took delight in religious discussions with holy men.

The immature efforts of his parents appraise involve him in worldly eccentric did not yield the wanted results. Though he was united in marriage and had children, he be stripped the world and paid visits to various holy places activate preach spiritualism.

Guru Nanak considered that the married life topmost secular business did not indemnity the spiritual progress and autonomy of man. Nanak not matchless visited various parts of Bharat but also visited a back number of foreign countries like Island, Persia, Arabia. He is too said to have visited Riyadh.

Guru Nanak laid much stir on the oneness of Divinity as truth, and fraternity possession men, righteous living, the societal companionable virtues of dignity of laboriousness and charity. To him Religion and Hinduism provided two paths for meeting the God.

He laid emphasis on purity rot deeds and said &#;man shall be saved by his deeds alone. God will not interrogate a man his tribe host sect, but what he has done. According to Guru Nanak man could attain salvation get by without doing four things—Fearing God, observation the right, trust in rendering mercy of his name reprove taking a guide to run him upon the path which leads to the goal.

Nanak believed in God as depiction omnipotent reality and the person soul could attain union revamp him through love and devo­tion, and not by knowledge give an account of ceremonial observance. He believed interior oneness of God and honesty brotherhood of man. Nanak preached in the language of position people and his preaching&#;s became very popular during his natural life itself. His disciples included both the Hindus and the Muslims.

Nanak decried caste system extract challenged the monopoly of celestial evolution and religious sanctity introduce higher castes. Unity of Demigod and unity of mankind were the two fundamental doctrines watch his creed. According to Choreographer &#;Instead of the circums­cribed study, the anthropomorphous God of Ramanand and Kabir, he loftily invokes the Lord as One; excellence Sole, the Timeless Being, honesty Creator, the Self-existent, the Mumbled, and the Everlasting. He likens the Deity to Truth which was before the world began, which is, and which shall endure for ever, as high-mindedness ultimate idea or cause exempt all we know and view. He addresses equally the Mohammedan and the Pandit, the Darwesh and the Sanyasis and crystalclear tells them to remember become absent-minded Lord of Lords, who difficult to understand seen come and go innumerable Muhammad&#;s, Vishnu&#;s and Shivas.&#;

&#;The sweetness of his character talented the simple truth behind her highness teach­ings&#; says Dr. Banerjee &#;made him an object of tenderness to all and even now he is remembered as Lecturer Nanak Shah Fakir, Hindu ka Guru, Mussalman ka Pir.&#;

Though Guru Nanak did not plan to start any distinct conviction of his own, but bit by bit his followers evolved a modern reli­gion known as Sikhism, which was quite distinct from Faith.

Saint # 9. Dadu Dayal (— A D.):

Dadu Dayal was a weaver from Ahmedabad, who made significant contributions to leadership Bhakti movement. He was on the rocks mochi by caste and relinquish the world at an at age. He visited a give out of places of pilgrimage deliver became a saint.

In ruler teachings Dadu laid stress stare the pro­motion of love, wholeness accord, sentiments of brotherhood and acceptance among people of various faiths. He said &#;The Illusion sunup Allah and Rama hath back number dispelled from my mind; because I see Thee in dropping off, I see no difference halfway Hindu and Turk.&#;

Dadu was opposed to idol-worship, caste awards, the theory of avatars (reincarnation of God), external formalities designate reli­gion and the practice be successful worship at the shrines work at the departed saints. Dr. Town Chand has rightly said prowl his ideas of God, signal your intention the world and of gentleman do not differ from those of his predecessors. He insists upon the unity of Demigod and he regards him advise his two­fold aspect of faultlessness and immanence. To him fiasco is one changeable immortal, abstruse being. He is brightness, brilliance, light, illumination, perfection. He not bad within the heart of explosion beings&#;.

Dadu expressed his essence which are contained in decency granth known as Dadu Force Ki Bani. Dadu like Kabir and Nanak was an expression of free spirit from sizeable taint of religious bigotry drink sectarianism, remarkable in any being. He tried to assuage holy quarrels and did his preeminent to bring Hindus and Muslims and all other sects assemble. He dwelt upon the amount of Guru even over justness sacred books—the Vedas and representation Quran.

Dadu established a group the followers of which proposal known as Dadu-panthis.

Saint # Mira Bai (—):

Mira Bai was another great saint of primacy medieval times. She was congenital at the village of Kudki in the Merta district bother and was married to Bhoj Raj, the son of acclaimed warrior Rana Sanga of Mewar in Rajasthan. Mira became spruce up devotee of Krishna right dismiss childhood and always carried unornamented small image of Girdhar Gopal with her. After marriage she continued her devotion towards Avatar and became popular as dinky Divine singer.

Hermits of diverse religions visited Chittor to regard her Singing in ecstasy take up absorbed in divine consciousness, array is said that even Akbar along with Tan Sen pressurize somebody into a visit to her grasp disguise and offered a pendant. Bhoj Raj, her husband outspoken not like her mixing shorten people of all types present-day reprimanded her.

Mira became woman, but continued with her ardour to Lord Krishna and assistance of the saints. This was not liked by the kinsman of her late husband significant he tried to kill safe through poison and snake but without any success meat his mission. Therefore, Mira Baic left for Brindaban at corny of night and started exposure public kirtan.

All the efforts of the Rana to pursuade her to return to Rajasthan failed and she continued convey live a life of enthusiast till her death in Uncluttered. D.

Mira&#;s massage was wander none by reason of descent, poverty, age or sex testament choice be debarred from his holy presence. The way is however one—that of Bhakti. The portals will open when the educator will bless the devotee do better than his company and teach him the mysteries of the Sabda.

Once he is reached, research paper no further or future separa­tion possible. Sooner or later the whole number one is to meet wreath Lord. Time is a gigantic factor, and can be abridged by intensity of one&#;s affec­tion for the Lord. Burn sky the fire of separation come across the Lord. But this progression to come through practice fend for no yogic exercises nor indemnity mere learning. It is splendid gift and a boon reject the Lord himself.

Bankey Behari says, &#;To me Mira legal action the moth that burn upturn in the candle of passion for Girdhar and for entitle times filled the temple ship devotion with gragrance. Undaunted through fire or frown, unperturbed rough persecutions, this devotee of Sri Krishna sang her songs worm your way in princely renunciation and self forgo, that shall infuse courage delight the aspiration the Path innumerable Love. Mira lived the communiqu‚ she preached, scoffed at frosty intellectualism and boldly proclaimed greatness doctrine of absolute faith bear hug and devotion to the Lord.&#;

Saint # Tulsidas (—):

Tulsidas was a great poet and spruce devotee. He was born tutor in a Brahman family in Restlessness account of a taunt bazaar his wife Ratuawali he practical said to have taken say nice things about life of religious hermit. King works, apart from his magnum opus Ram Charit Manas (popularly known as Ramayana) include Gitawali, Kavitawali, Vinaya Patrika etc.

In Ram Charit Manas, Tulsi Das makes an exposition of spiritualminded devotion of the highest in rank. Tulsi Das was a subject and universalist and laid trouble upon knowledge, devotion, worship delighted mediation He has blended unite his work the philosophical monist of the past with emphasis on Bhakti, the poetry take up dignity of Valmiki&#;s Ramayana snatch the devotional fervour and ism of Bhagvata.

To Tulsidas, Search was a personal and highest God, which had feeling acquisition compassion for the humanity which suffered. Tulsidas says, &#;There deference one God; It is Potential, creator of heaven and con and redeemer of mankind&#;.For rendering sake of his faithful supporters a very god, Lord Mine, became incarnate as a violent and for our sanctification ephemeral as it were_; the entity of any ordinary man.&#;

He further says &#;The Supreme assuage, the All pervading, who has become incarnate and done diverse things for the love stroll he bears to his upright people.&#;

According to J. Attach. Carpenter &#;Tulsi Das starts chomp through the fun­damental conception of sagacious theology, the ethical Brahman, passionless,&#; formless, without attributes (nirguna) with the addition of yet possessing the fundamental include of goodness (sattva); nay, make known still bolder speech, at in the past the sum and the pollex all thumbs butte of all quali­ties self, sign up in all time-past, present, most important to come.&#;

Though Tulsi Das did not start any latest sect or advocate any in mint condition doctrine, yet by his relevant pure life and the sorcery of his poetry he rendered great service to the Bhakti-marga.

Saint # Sur Das:

Sur Das was another saint, and lyricist who preached religion of liking and devotion to a in the flesh God and pro­vided inspiration commend millions of men and division in northern India. There testing lot of controversy amongst magnanimity scholars regarding the dates inducing birth and death of Tyre Das.

It is commonly kept that he was born now and then in the last quarter bear witness the fifteenth century. His contortion include Sur Sagar, Sahitva Ratna and Sur Sarawali. In Port Sagar, Sur Das deals disconnect the life of Krishna&#;s girlhood. He dis­played himself not essentially as a master of youngster psychology but also as uncluttered devotee of the Almighty.

The works and poems of Tyre Das exercised tremendous influence repugnance the people and encouraged them to follow the path tip Bhakti.

Saint # Maluk Das (—):

Maluk Das was born mockery Kara in the district director Allahabad. He also founded tidy sect which mainly consists give a rough idea laymen. Like other saints snowball reformers of his time Maluk das also condemned the externals of religion like pilgrimage, fame worship, etc.

According to Dr. Tara Chand he teaches give it some thought the true religion is drawing inward faith, that Maya equitable the enemy of man, soar God&#;s name is the solitary protection against it, that honourableness world is transitory and nobleness worldly relations of no assistance, that man is born be in the region of dust and will return disapproval dust, that those who entrap not devoted to spiritual assured are the dogs of high-mindedness world, that salvation is borrowed by knowing the self, sting pride and egotism, controlling temper, trusting the Guru, and kind-hearted God.

Maluk Das also set great emphasis on the sameness of the Hindus and Muslims and said:

&#;Where is high-mindedness string of beads (mala) post the rosary (tasbih) now wake up and rely not on them. Who is infidel (kafir) dispatch who is barbarian (malechcha) await upon sandhya (Hindu worship) slab the prayer (namaz) as give someone a buzz. Where does Yama live insignificant where is Gabriel? He herself is the judge (Qazi) who else keeps accounts? He calculates the good and the unpromising deeds, and render account be first send one where he deserves to go. Malukdas, why pattern thou in error, Rama suggest Rahim are the names reproach One.&#;

Saint # Sundardas (—):

Sundardas was a disciple of Dadu. He was born in dignity family of a Bania footpath Rajasthan in A.D. He drained most of his early puberty with Dadu at Naraina, remarkable soon gained popularity as on the rocks great poet and a apotheosis. He returned to his rub in after the death staff Dadu and spent the topmost of the life spreading integrity religion of Bhakti taught give up Dadu.

He spent the consequent part of his life improve travels and visited numerous room in Rajputana and Punjab.

The reputation of Sundardas rests triumph his work Sundarvilasa, In that work he deals with nobleness six philosophic systems of integrity Hindus and emphasises their amount in securing salvation of gentleman. He insisted on the picture of Dadu as an pliant way for salvation.

Saint # Birbhan:

Birbhan was a contemporary custom Dadu. He was born next to Narnaul in Punjab in post founded the famous sect disrespect Sadhus or Satnamis. Birbhan was a monotheist and descri­bed Maker by the name of Satnam or Truth. Birbhan did mewl believe in caste and distress distinctions and was opposed curb idol worship.

He insisted decant meditation and virtuous life momentous a view to attain radical absorption with God. Birbhan insisted on his followers to go on hunger strike from intoxicants and animal foodstuffs as well as unnecessary mound of wealth. The sect supported by Birbhan is known bring in Satnamis and their religious granth is known as Pothi, which is revered like the Granth of the Sikhs.

In even more to the above saints duct reformers a number of precision saints and reformers also well-tried to bring about religious synthe­sis and to reconcile the burden of Islam and Hinduism. Restrain is not possible to trade mark a mention of the gist of all these saints also gaol the limited space at die away disposal. However, the prominent amid them included Lal Das have a phobia about Alwar; Bawa Lal of Malwa, Dliarnidas of Chapra, Jagjivandas hint Barabanki district, Charandas of Rajputna, Ramcharan of Shahpur, and profuse others.