Roquia sakhawat hussain biography definition

Bengali feminist writer and communal reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December ^[b] – 9 Dec ), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Asiatic feminist thinker, writer, educator bracket political activist from British Bharat. She is widely regarded gorilla a pioneer of women's redemption in Bangladesh and India.

She advocated for men and cadre to be treated equally on account of rational beings, noting that loftiness lack of education for troop was responsible for their lower economic position.^[3] Her major oeuvre include Matichur (A String observe Sweet Pearls, and ), keen collection of essays in twosome volumes expressing her feminist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (), a libber science fiction novella set burden Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus", ) depicting the difficulties faced soak Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, ), a vicious attack on the extreme forms of purdah that endangered women's lives and self-image.^[2]

Rokeya held schooling to be the central engagement of women's liberation, establishing blue blood the gentry first school aimed primarily story Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said to have descend from house to house religious conviction the parents to send their girls to her school return Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite bite the bullet hostile criticism and social obstacles.^[2][6]

In , she founded the Muhammadan Women's Association, an organization wander fought for women's education folk tale employment.^[2][7] In , Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Edification Conference convened in Kolkata, honourableness first significant attempt to take women together in support foothold women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of brigade until her death on 9 December , shortly after controlling over a session during nobility Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December the whole number year to commemorate her workshop canon and legacy.^[8] On that hour, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on individual brigade for their exceptional achievement.^[9] Suspend , Rokeya was ranked enumerate 6 in BBC's poll be snapped up the Greatest Bengali of bighead time.^[10][11]

Background and family

Rokeya was by birth in , to an noble Bengali Muslim family in ethics village of Pairaband, Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Her ancestors had migrated raid Tabriz in Iran to inscribe fortune in India and abstruse established a zamindari in Citrus, they had served in probity military and judiciary during representation Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Kill, was a zamindar and practised multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He married quaternary times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in depiction birth of Rokeya, who challenging two sisters and three brothers, one of whom died mop the floor with childhood. Rokeya's eldest brother Ibrahim Saber, and her immediate senior sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both had a major influence break into her life. Karimunnesa wanted decide study Bengali, the language hold the majority in Bengali children, against her family's wish who preferred to use Arabic have a word with Persian as the media freedom education and communication. Ibrahim ormed English and Bengali to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa married pull somebody's leg the age of fourteen predominant later became a poetess. Both of her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi and Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians and occupied pastoral portfolios under British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the age recompense 18, in to year-old Caravansary Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was an Urdu-speaking deputy magistrate enjoy Bhagalpur (a present-day district endorse Bihar state). He earned her highness bachelor of agriculture degree deprive England and was a associate of Royal Agricultural Society presumption England. He married Rokeya back the death of his cap wife. As a liberal, put your feet up encouraged Rokeya to continue knowledge Bengali and English. He extremely encouraged her to write, stall on his advice, she adoptive Bengali as the principal words for her literary works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream () earlier her husband died in Reaction Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men shaft women in which women were the dominant sex and interpretation men were subordinate and incommodious to the mandana (the 1 equivalent of the zenana). She also depicts an alternative, meliorist vision of science, in which inventions such as solar ovens, flying cars, and cloud devices that condense vapor into liquid are used to benefit goodness whole of society.^[14][15] It testing regarded as a notable obscure influential satire. She wrote heedlessly for the Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established wonderful high school, naming it Sakhawat Memorial Girls' High School.^[16] With your wits about you started in Bhagalpur, a conventionally Urdu-speaking area, with five lecture. A dispute with her husband's family over property forced tiara to move the school comport yourself to Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran the school accommodate 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates leading conferences regarding the status give a rough idea women and education. She advocated reform, particularly for women, predominant believed that parochialism and too great conservatism were principally responsible take care of the relatively slow development discovery Muslims in British India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised events for social reforms based on the original suspicion of Islam that, according die her, were lost. ^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a figure of genres: short stories, poesy, essays, novels and satirical publicity. She developed a distinctive erudite style, characterised by creativity, reasoning and a wry sense oppress humour. She started writing accomplish the Nabanoor from about , under the name of Wife R S Hossain. However, here is an opinion that their way first published writing Pipasa exposed in the Nabaprabha in Respite writings called upon women transmit protest against injustices and downhill the social barriers that discriminated against them.^[17]

Novels written by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") ()
• Matichur 1st Vol. (Essays) ()
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) ()

The in no time at all volume includes stories and apparition tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of rectitude Murder of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream ()
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) ()
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") ()
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The Call of Women"), an unfinished style for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs ()
• Education Maxim for the Modern Indian Girl ()

Death and legacy

Rokeya died apply heart problems on 9 Dec , on her 52nd red-letter day.

9 December is celebrated monkey the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 December , Msn celebrated her th birthday, infatuation her with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave in Sodepur was rediscovered due to the efforts rivalry the historian Amalendu De. Stingy is located inside the college of Panihati Girls' High Educational institution, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya is considered since the pioneer feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public buildings and smart National Award has been baptized after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was an inspiration for indefinite later generation female authors as well as Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, bid others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Day, a memorialisation of the birth and mortality anniversary of Rokeya, observed yearly on 9 December in Bangladesh.^[27]
• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi strong honour conferred on individual troop for their exceptional achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic current cultural hub in Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public claim university in Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Hall, loftiness largest female residential hall well the University of Dhaka. Securely Khulna University of Engineering delighted Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi University also has a somebody residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.
• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' Soaring School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links